Also, the decreased susceptibility of HIV-2 to certain protease inhibitors, namely Nelfinavir, Amprenavir and Atazanavir [10C12], only adds to the therapeutic restrictions associated with HIV-2 infections. and six HIV-1 deaths were reported during the study Conclusion This study has shown that ART regimens that do not include NNRTIs are effective equally in the treatment of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections. Nevertheless, we recommend regular and continuous laboratory monitoring for those HIV treated individuals. strong class=”kwd-title” Keywords: ART, Adverse Effects Taxonomy Topics, HIV-1, HIV-2, Mali Intro HIV infection is definitely a major general public health issue in most tropical countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.1 In 2016, UNAIDS estimated nearly 36.7 million people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide, 25.8 million of whom in sub-Saharan Africa [1]. In Mali, according to the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS-V) carried out in 2012, the overall prevalence of HIV is definitely 1.1% of the general human population [2]. The seroprevalence of HIV-2 illness was at 0.2% in the general population [3]. PF-04957325 HIV-2 is currently endemic to Western Africa only, although instances were reported in the 1980s in India and Europe [4,5]. The 1st instances of HIV-2 were discovered in Western Africa Rabbit Polyclonal to p47 phox (in Senegal and Guinea-Bissau) in 1986.6 HIV-2 differs mainly from HIV-1 by its envelope proteins. The fragile pathogenicity of HIV-2 compared to HIV-1 is now well-established and is indicated by a relatively lower viral lots usually found in HIV-2 infections [7], which results in longer incubation time and lower transmission rates of both sexual and mother-to-child routes [7]. Compared with those infected with HIV-1, individuals infected with HIV-2 have slower disease progression and lower plasma viral lots.8 However, just as HIV1, HIV-2 can also lead to AIDS. The Western African areas affected by HIV-2 infections possess usually low accessibility to antiretroviral therapy, which makes data within the results of antiretroviral therapy from HIV-2 infected patients very rare. The natural resistance of this disease to Non-Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) and to fusion inhibitors restricts their use as option in treatment regimens [4,9]. Also, the decreased susceptibility of HIV-2 to particular protease inhibitors, PF-04957325 namely Nelfinavir, Amprenavir and Atazanavir [10C12], only adds to the restorative restrictions associated with HIV-2 infections. Recently, Peterson et al. found similar treatment effectiveness of an integrase inhibitor (raltegravir) for the two types of infections [13]. However, another recent study found that HIV-2 strains isolated from infected individuals in Mali and Belgium experienced two major mutations of resistance for raltegravir.5 With this project, we evaluated the outcomes of treatment of HIV-2 and HIV-1 infected individuals in Bamako, using a case-control study design to record adverse effects and treatment performance during ART. Methods This is a case-control study of a 4-yr follow-up period, that took place in the HIV/AIDS Center of Listening, of Care, Animation and Council (CESAC) of Bamako. CESAC is one of the largest centers taking care of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Mali. The center uses a computerized routine info gathering system since 2005. We used SPSS version 12.0 software to analyze the data. Demographic (age, sex), medical and immunological characteristics (weight, medical stage, CD4 cell counts, period of HIV illness and disease end result, opportunistic infections, ART regimens) were collected. 1. Honest Elements Authorization was requested from your CESAC management team and was approved from the Director. The Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry of Bamako also authorized the study. A coded quantity was assigned to each participant to ensure confidentiality. 2. Organizations Meanings This case-control study included two sex-matched organizations (Table I): Table 1: Characteristics of the Study Human population. thead th align=”center” valign=”top” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ Characteristics /th th align=”center” valign=”top” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ HIV-2 /th th align=”center” valign=”top” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ HIV-1 /th th align=”center” valign=”top” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ P value /th /thead Male (n)1313Female (n)37370.59Age mean39.6436.660.176Clinical Stage: World Health Companies ClassificationStage I44Stage II22230.52Stage III2421Stage IV02CD4 count Mean (cells/mm3)165.7233.50.1Nadir CD4 (cellules/mm3)151 (49C298)122 (67C258)0.27Creatinine93.481.90.22Hemoglobin11.3611.910.07Alanine Aminotransferase18.6616.60.33 Open in a separate window Group 1: All individuals aged 18 years old or more, HIV-2 infected and treated for the 1st line ART regimens consisting of two Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) and a Protease Inhibitor (PI) for at least 6 months continuously without any interruption. Group 2: All individuals aged 18 PF-04957325 years old or more, infected with HIV-1 and treated with second-line ART treatment (2 NRTIs + 1 PI), for at least 6 months of treatment, were included. The two organizations were matched by age range and sex. 3. ART routine The different regimens used in the two organizations are summarized in Table II. The stavudine + lamivudine + indinavir.